Bus travel in India has transformed dramatically over the years. What once served primarily as a feeder mode of transport or even a basic long-distance travel option has evolved into a sophisticated industry. The rise of powerful luxury buses, coupled with the rapid development of highways, has fueled this remarkable growth. In Part 1 of this series, I explored the early changes in bus designs and operations. The last two decades, in particular, have been a thrilling period for bus travel in India. Memories of Long-Distance Buses Before 2000 Before diving into recent changes, let me take you back to the late 1990s. During 1999-2000, my daily observations included long-distance buses running between Mumbai and Mangalore operators like CPC and Ballal. These buses took about 24 hours to cover the route, often carrying bulky cargo on their roofs. At that time, the Mumbai-Pune Expressway was not yet operational, so these buses took routes passing through the outskirts of Mumbai, where I lived. These were all seater buses, and I often wondered how passengers could endure such long journeys sitting upright. The First Sleeper Bus Encounter – Early 2000s In the early 2000s, during a school outing to Mumbai’s Fort area, I spotted a unique bus operated by Paulo Holiday Makers from Goa. This bus had its entrance in the middle and featured a hybrid seating arrangement: one half with seats and the other half with sleeping berths aligned along the direction of travel, similar to Indian Railways’ side berths. Though I couldn’t enter the bus, it left a strong impression as the first sleeper bus I had ever seen. The body was built by a Goan manufacturer called Damodar. The Rise of Sleeper Buses (Mid-2000s to 2010) Fast forward a few years to around 2005, sleeper buses became more common,

Many Gen Zs are turning inward in a world buzzing with digital noise, seeking solace and meaning beyond screens. India’s spiritual retreats offer a unique blend of ancient wisdom and contemporary practices, providing the perfect escape for young souls yearning for connection, mindfulness, and adventure. From the serene banks of the Ganges in Rishikesh to the sacred shores of Rameswaram, Dhanush Kumar embarks on a transformative journey that resonates with the modern seeker. 1. Rishikesh- Yoga Capital of the world Nestled in the Himalayan foothills, Rishikesh is renowned for its yoga and meditation centres. Ashrams like Parmarth Niketan and Sivananda offer immersive programs that blend ancient practices with modern needs. These retreats provide Gen Zs with tools to manage stress, enhance mindfulness, and foster deeper connection with themselves. Don’t miss: 2. Dharmshala-Tibetan Spirituality Dharamshala is home to the Dalai Lama and offers a unique blend of Tibetan Buddhism and Indian spirituality. Retreats here focus on meditation, compassion, and mindfulness, providing young travellers with a serene environment to explore inner peace amidst the majestic Himalayas. Don’t miss: 3. Varanasi- The Spiritual Heartbeat of India As one of the oldest living cities, Varanasi offers a profound spiritual experience. Witnessing the Ganga Aarti, exploring ancient temples, and participating in meditation sessions along the Ghats allow Gen Z travellers to immersive themselves in India’s rich spiritual heritage. Don’t miss: 4. Rameswaram- Sacred Shores and Soulful Reflections Located at the southern tip of India, Rameswaram is a significant pilgrimage site. The town’s tranquil beaches and historic temples provide a peaceful setting for introspection and spiritual growth, making it an ideal retreat for those seeking a deeper connection with their inner selves. Don’t miss: 5. Kanha Shanti Vanam- Modern Spiritual Oasis Situated near Hyderabad, Kanha Shanti Vanam is the headquarters of the Heartfulness Institute. This retreat